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Abroad

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Since 1907, Nikolai Gumelev lived in Paris. He visited exhibitions, met French and Russian writers, and was in intensive correspondence with Bryusov. The following year, in April, Gumelev returned to Russia to go through the draft board. In July, he set off from Sevastopol on his first trip to Levan and returned to Paris at the end of July.

Slide 6

Gumilyov's expeditions

Nikolai Gumilyov is not only a poet, but also one of the largest researchers in Africa. He made several expeditions to eastern and northeastern Africa and brought a rich collection to the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography.

Slide 7

Gumilyov and Akhmatova with their son

The three years between expeditions were very eventful in the poet’s life. In 1910, the book “Pearls” was published; on April 25 of the same year, in the St. Nicholas Church in the village of Nikolskaya Slobodka, Gumilev married Anna Andreevna Gorenko (Akhmatova).

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In 1911, with the active participation of N. Gumilyov, the “Workshop of Poets” was founded, which, in addition to Gumilyov, included Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam, Vladimir Narbut, Sergei Gorodetsky, Kuzmina-Karavaeva, Zenkevich and others. In 1912, he announced the emergence of a new artistic movement - Acmeism. Entered the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University (studied Old French poetry)

Slide 9

World War I

In 1917, Gumilev decided to transfer to the Thessaloniki Front and went to the Russian expeditionary force in Paris. He went to France along the northern route - through Sweden, Norway and England. Gumilyov stayed in London for a month, where he met with local poets: Gilbert Chesterton, Boris Anrep and others. Gumilyov left England in in a great mood: paper and printing costs turned out to be much cheaper there, and he could print “Hyperboreas” there.

Slide 11

Arriving in Paris, he served as an adjutant to the commissar of the Provisional Government, where he became friends with the artists M. F. Larionov and N. S. Goncharova. In Paris, the poet fell in love with the half-Russian, half-French Elena Karolovna du Boucher, the daughter of a famous surgeon. He dedicated the collection of poems “To the Blue Star” to her.

Soon the poet returned to Russia. soon the poet returned to Russia.

Slide 12

On August 5, 1918, a divorce from Anna Akhmatova took place. Relations between the poets went wrong a long time ago, but it was impossible to divorce with the right to remarry before the revolution.

In 1919, he married Anna Nikolaevna Engelhardt, the daughter of the historian and literary critic N.A. Engelhardt, this marriage also turned out to be unsuccessful. Slide 13 In 1920, the Petrograd department of the All-Russian Writers' Union was established, and Gumilyov also joined it. Gumilyov gave sections of the plays “Gondla”, “The Hunt for the Rhinoceros” and “The Beauty of Morni”. The fate of the latter is sad: its full text has not survived. Living in Soviet Russia, Nikolai Gumilyov did not hide his religious and

political views

- he openly baptized himself in churches and declared his views. So, at one of the poetry evenings, he answered a question from the audience - “what are your political beliefs?” answered - “I am a convinced monarchist.”

Slide 14

Arrest and death

On August 3, 1921, Nikolai was arrested on suspicion of participation in the conspiracy of the “Petrograd Combat Organization of V.N. Tagantsev.” For several days, Mikhail Lozinsky and Nikolai Otsup tried to help their friend out, but despite this, the poet was soon shot.

Slide 15

Cross-cenotaph in the probable place of execution of N.S. Gumilyov. Kovalevsky forest, in the area of ​​the arsenal of the Rzhevsky training ground, at the bend of the Lubya River

In 1991, Gumilyov was rehabilitated.

The poet wrote his first quatrain about the beautiful Niagara (Gumilyov dreamed of Africa from early childhood) at the age of six. He also wrote poetry in the gymnasium, but they were of poor quality (Nikolai Stepanovich himself did not include them in any of his collections). Nevertheless, when Gumilyov was on the verge of expulsion from the gymnasium, the director I.F. Annensky insisted on leaving the student (“All this is true, but he writes poetry”). First publication - September 8, 1902 - the poem “I fled to the forest from the cities...” in the newspaper “Tiflis Leaflet” signed “K. Gumilyov."

Slide 17

In 1905, he published the first collection of poems entitled “The Way of the Conquistadors” (conquistador - obsolete from conquistador). In 1908, Gumilyov published the collection “Romantic Flowers”, dedicated to Akhmatova (the dedication was removed during re-release). It was this collection that gave him a certain literary name.

Slide 18

Main features of poetry

The main themes of Gumilyov's lyrics are love, art, death, and there are also military and “geographical” poems. Unlike most poets, there is practically no political and patriotic lyrics.

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Influence on literature

Gumilyov’s persistent and inspired work in creating formalized “schools of poetic mastery” (three “Workshops of Poets”, “Studio of the Living Word”, etc.), which many contemporaries were skeptical about, turned out to be very fruitful.

His students - Georgy Adamovich, Georgy Ivanov, Irina Odoevtseva, Nikolay Otsup, Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, Nikolay Tikhonov and others - became notable creative individuals. The Acmeism he created, which attracted such major talents of the era as Anna Akhmatova and Osip Mandelstam, became a completely viable creative method. To use presentation previews, create an account for yourself ( account

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Slide captions:

Life and work of N. Gumilyov

Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov was born on April 3 (15), 1886 in Kronstadt, in the family of a ship’s doctor. And although a few years later the father retired and took the family to Tsarskoe Selo, the impressions of early childhood associated with the sea, ships, captains, dreams of sailing to distant countries that arose then remained with the poet and were passed on to his heroes

At the Gumilev estate, Slepnev

Young Nikolai on the ship "Tambov"

Gumilev did not study well and graduated from high school at the age of twenty, in 1906. A year earlier, the high school student published his first book of poems - “The Way of the Conquistadors.”

When, the director of the gymnasium where N. Gumilyov studied, a major poet of Russian symbolism, is Innokenty Fedorovich Annensky. died, Gumilyov dedicated the poem “Semiramide” to him, which was included in the book “Pearls” (1910). On the second anniversary of Annensky's death, he wrote another poem, published in the Apollo magazine. His “Letters on Russian Poetry” began to appear regularly in the same magazine.

Another - correspondence - mentor of Gumilyov was Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov. He greeted the first, student collection of the poet's poems with a review (not very commendable) and did not ignore his subsequent books. Correspondence began.

In the year he graduated from high school, Gumilyov struggled with the drama “The Jester of King Batignolles,” which was never finished. However, literary and historical stylizations, of which this work was an example, continued to live in the poet’s poems. Gumilyov gravitated towards the unusual, traveled a lot, visited Africa three times. (He donated the African things brought from the expeditions to the Museum of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences, where he then often visited “to see” them.)

In 1908, he brought from Paris a book of poems, “Romantic Flowers,” published at his own expense. His new poems appeared in St. Petersburg and Moscow newspapers, magazines and collections.

In 1911, an improvisation play was written in verse from the life of Spain in the 13th century - “Poisoner Love”, a parody of bad historical literature. Gumilyov belonged to the Apollo circle from the first editorial meeting on May 9, 1909, and a little later the Society of Admirers of the Artistic Word was organized there. In the literary association "Workshop of Poets", Gumilev was also the main "syndic" religious teacher from the very beginning - since 1911 (in 1913, members of the poetic "workshop" began to call themselves Acmeists). Gumilyov's first published dramatic work also turned out to be the first staged. "Don Juan in Egypt" was played at the St. Petersburg Trinity Theater in the spring of 1913.

The poet went to the front of the First World War as a volunteer. For bravery in battles he was awarded the St. George Cross of the fourth and third degrees and promoted to officer.

At the front he wrote a four-act dramatic poem "Gondola", to complete which in 1916 he took leave from the 5th Alexandria Hussar Regiment (having transferred there from the Uhlan Life Guards) and went to Massandra. In 1916, Gumilyov’s prose “African Hunting (From a Travel Diary)” was published.

Soon after February 1917, in the spring, he received a military assignment to Thessaloniki, made his way there through Sweden, Norway, England, France, but got stuck in Paris. There he was interrupted military service. He returned to Russia in April 1918 with the play “The Poisoned Tunic.” He immediately joined the work of the Repertoire Section of the Theater Department of the Narkomposs, which was formed in March 1918. In addition to “The Poisoned Tunic,” Gumilyov gave the section of historical paintings the play “The Hunt for the Rhinoceros,” a two-act performance based on Shakespeare’s chronicle “Falstaff,” a script for the mass action “The Conquest of Mexico,” etc.

In August 1921, Gumilyov was shot as a participant in a counter-revolutionary conspiracy. Memorial plaque in Kaliningrad

Verse: "After so many years." Presentation completed by: 11a grade student Sergey Chabanenko Checked by: S.P. Nadeshkina 2011

Nikolai Gumilev (1886-1921) - Russian poet of the Silver Age, creator of the school of Acmeism, translator, literary critic. Nikolai Gumilev
(1886-1921)
- Russian poet
Silver Age,
founder of the school
Acmeism, translator,
literary critic.
Students of group 1-ATP.
Markov A. and Tikhonov A.

Biography

Biography

Biography

Features of creativity

Features of creativity

Poems

Poems

Poems

Audio files

Author's meaning

Formation of a literary movement

1 of 26

Presentation on the topic:

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Childhood and youth Born into the family of the Kronstadt ship doctor Stepan Yakovlevich Gumilyov. Mother - Gumileva (Lvova) Anna Ivanovna. Since childhood, Gumilev was a weak and sickly child: he was constantly tormented by headaches, he reacted poorly to noise. Despite this, he often participated in games with peers, where he constantly tried to lead. But to communicating with children, he preferred solitude or the company of animals - the “red dog,” a parrot, and guinea pigs. He avoided people. In 1900-1903 lived in Georgia, where he was sent by his father. Here, in the “Tiflis Leaflet” of 1902, he published his first poem. He entered the Gurevich gymnasium, but after studying for a year he fell ill and his parents invited him to a tutor. He noticed Gumilyov's penchant for zoology and geography. Gumilyov spent his childhood in Tsarskoe Selo, where in 1894 he entered the gymnasium, the director of which was the famous poet I. Annensky. After graduating from high school, he went to study at the Sorbonne.

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Abroad Since 1906, Nikolai Gumilyov lived in Paris and traveled a lot. Visited Italy and France. While in Paris, he published the literary magazine Sirius (in which A. Akhmatova made her debut), but only 3 issues of the magazine were published. He visited exhibitions, met French and Russian writers, and was in intensive correspondence with Bryusov, to whom he sent his poems, articles, and stories. The following year, in April, Gumilyov returned to Russia to pass the draft board. In Russia, the young poet met with his teacher, Bryusov, and his lover, Anna Gorenko. In July, he set off from Sevastopol on his first trip to the Levant and returned to Paris at the end of July. There is no information about how the trip went, except for letters to Bryusov.

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...after our meeting I was in the Ryazan province, in St. Petersburg, lived for two weeks in the Crimea, a week in Constantinople, in Smyrna, had a fleeting affair with some Greek woman, fought with the Apaches in Marseilles and only yesterday, I don’t know how, I don’t know why, ended up in Paris. Photo from 1907

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There is a version that it was then that Gumilyov first visited Africa, this is also evidenced by the poem “Ezbekiye,” written in 1917: How strange - exactly ten years have passed since I saw Ezbekiye. However, chronologically this is unlikely. In 1908, Gumilyov published the collection “Romantic Flowers”. With the money received for the collection, as well as with the funds accumulated by his parents, he goes on a second journey. Arrived in Sinop, where I had to quarantine for 4 days, and from there to Istanbul. After Turkey, Gumilev visited Greece, then went to Egypt, where he visited Ezbikiye. In Cairo, the traveler suddenly ran out of money and was forced to go back. On November 29 he was again in St. Petersburg. Nikolai Gumilyov is not only a poet, but also one of the largest researchers in Africa. He made several expeditions to East and North-East Africa and brought them to the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. Peter the Great (St. Petersburg) has a rich collection.

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The first expedition to Abyssinia Although Africa had attracted Gumilyov since childhood, the decision to go there came suddenly and on September 25 he went to Odessa, from there to Djibouti, then to Abyssinia. The details of this trip are unknown. It is only known that he visited Addis Ababa for a ceremonial reception at the Negus. In the article “Is Menelik Dead?” the poet described the unrest that took place under the throne. Gumilyov and Akhmatova with their son

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Between trips The three years between expeditions were very eventful in the life of the poet. In 1910, the book “Pearls” was published; on April 25 of the same year, in the St. Nicholas Church in the village of Nikolskaya Slobodka, Gumilev married Anna Andreevna Gorenko (Akhmatova). In 1911, with the active participation of N. Gumilyov, the “Workshop of Poets” was founded, which, in addition to Gumilyov, included Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam, Vladimir Narbut, Sergei Gorodetsky, Kuzmina Karavaeva, Zenkevich and others. In 1912, he announced the emergence of a new artistic currents - Acmeism. In the same year, the poetry collection “Alien Sky” was published, in which, in particular, the first, second and third cantos of the poem “The Discovery of America” were published. On October 1 of the same year, Anna and Nikolai Gumilyov had a son, Lev.

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Second expedition to Abyssinia The second expedition took place in 1913. It was better organized and coordinated with the Academy of Sciences. At first Gumilyov wanted to cross the Danakil desert, study little-known tribes and try to civilize them, but the Academy rejected this route as expensive, and the poet was forced to propose a new route: I had to go to the port of Djibouti<…>from there to railway to Harrar, then, forming a caravan, to the south, to the area between the Somali Peninsula and lakes Rudolph, Margaret, Zwai; cover as large a study area as possible.

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Together with Gumilyov, his nephew Nikolai Sverchkov went to Africa as a photographer. First, Gumilyov went to Odessa, then to Istanbul. In Turkey, the poet showed sympathy and sympathy for the Turks, unlike most Russians. There, Gumilyov met the Turkish consul Mozar Bey, who was traveling to Harar; they continued their journey together. From Istanbul they headed to Egypt, and from there to Djibouti. The travelers were supposed to go inland by rail, but after 260 kilometers the train stopped due to the fact that the rains washed out the path. Most of the passengers returned, but Gumilyov, Sverchkov and Mozar Bey begged the workers for a handcar and drove 80 kilometers of damaged track on it. Arriving in Dire Dawa, the poet hired a translator and set off in a caravan to Harar. In Harrar, Gumilev bought mules, not without complications, and there he met Ras Tafari (then governor of Harar, later Emperor Haile Selassie I; adherents of Rastafarianism consider him the incarnation of God - Jah). The poet gave the future emperor a box of vermouth and photographed him, his wife and sister. In Harare, Gumilyov began collecting his collection.

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From Harar the path lay through the little-explored Galla lands to the village of Sheikh Hussein. On the way, we had to cross the fast-water Uabi River, where Nikolai Sverchkov was almost dragged away by a crocodile. Soon problems with provisions began. Gumilyov was forced to hunt for food. When the goal was achieved, the leader and spiritual mentor, Sheikh Hussein Aba Muda, sent provisions to the expedition and warmly received it. This is how Gumilyov described the prophet: A fat black man sat on Persian carpets in a dim, undecorated room, like an idol, in bracelets, earrings and rings, only his eyes sparkled marvelously. - "Galla"

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There Gumilyov was shown the tomb of Saint Sheikh Hussein, after whom the city was named. There was a cave from which, according to legend, a sinner could not get out: He had to undress<…>and crawl between the stones into a very narrow passage. If anyone got stuck, he died in terrible agony: no one dared to extend a hand to him, no one dared to give him a piece of bread or a cup of water... Gumilyov climbed through there and returned safely. Having written down the life of Sheikh Hussein, the expedition moved to the city of Ginir. Having replenished the collection and collected water in Ginir, the travelers went west, on a difficult journey to the village of Matakua. Further fate expedition is unknown, Gumilyov’s African diary is interrupted at the word “Road...” on July 26. According to some reports, on August 11, the exhausted expedition reached the Dera Valley, where Gumilev stayed in the house of the parents of a certain Kh. Mariam. He treated his mistress for malaria, freed a punished slave, and his parents named their son after him. However, there are chronological inaccuracies in the Abyssinian's story. Be that as it may, Gumilyov safely reached Harar and in mid-August was already in Djibouti, but due to financial difficulties he was stuck there for three weeks. He returned to Russia on September 1.

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At the front The beginning of 1914 was difficult for the poet: the workshop ceased to exist, difficulties arose in his relationship with Akhmatova, and he became bored with the bohemian life he led after returning from Africa. First World War began on July 28, at the beginning of August N.S. Gumilev volunteered for the cavalry, in the active army. Together with Nikolai, his brother Dmitry Gumilyov, who was shell-shocked in battle and died in 1922, went to war (by conscription). It is noteworthy that although almost all the poets of that time composed either patriotic or military poems, only two took part in hostilities as volunteers: Gumilyov and Livshits. In September and October 1914, exercises and training took place. Already in November the regiment was transferred to Southern Poland. On November 19, the first battle took place. For night reconnaissance before the battle, by Order of the Guards Cavalry Corps of December 5, 1915 No. 148b he was awarded the Cross of St. George, 3rd degree No. 108868.

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At the end of February, as a result of continuous hostilities and travel, Gumilyov fell ill with a cold: We advanced, knocked out the Germans from villages, went on travel, I also did all this, but as in a dream, now shivering with chills, now burning in the heat. Finally, after one night, during which I made at least twenty rounds and fifteen escapes from captivity without leaving the hut, I decided to take my temperature. The thermometer showed 38.7.

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The poet was treated for a month in Petrograd, then was returned to the front again. In 1915, from April to June, although there were no active hostilities, Gumilyov participated in reconnaissance trips almost every day. On July 6, a large-scale enemy attack began. The task was set to hold positions until the infantry approached, the operation was carried out successfully, and several machine guns were saved, one of which was carried by Gumilyov. For this, on January 13, 1915, by order of the Guards Cavalry Corps dated December 24, 1914 No. 30, he was awarded the St. George Cross of the 4th degree No. 134060; renamed corporal, and on January 15 promoted to non-commissioned officer. In September, the poet returned to Russia as a hero, and on March 28, 1916, by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Western Front No. 3332, he was promoted to ensign and transferred to the 5th Hussar Regiment of Alexandria. Using this respite, Gumilyov was active in literary activity. In April 1916, the poet arrived in the hussar regiment stationed near Dvinsk. In May, Gumilev was again evacuated to Petrograd. The night jump in the heat described in “Notes of a Cavalryman” cost him pneumonia. When the treatment was almost over, Gumilyov went out into the cold without permission, as a result of which the disease worsened again. Doctors recommended that he undergo treatment in the south. Gumilev left for Yalta. However, the poet’s military life did not end there. On July 8, 1916, he again went to the front, again not for long. On August 17, by order of regiment No. 240, Gumilev was sent to the Nikolaev Cavalry School, then again transferred to the front and remained in the trenches until January 1917.

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In 1917, Gumilev decided to transfer to the Soloniki Front and went to the Russian Expeditionary Force in Paris. He went to France along the northern route - through Sweden, Norway and England. In London, Gumilyov stayed for a month, where he met with local poets: Gilbert Chesterton, Boris Anrep and others. Gumilyov left England in an excellent mood: paper and printing costs were much cheaper there, and he could print “Hyperboreas” there. Arriving in Paris, he served as an adjutant to the commissar of the Provisional Government, where he became friends with the artists M. F. Larionov and N. S. Goncharova. In Paris, the poet fell in love with a half-Russian, half-French woman, Elena Karolovna du Boucher, the daughter of a famous surgeon. He dedicated the collection of poems “To the Blue Star” to her, the pinnacle of the poet’s love lyrics. Soon Gumilyov moved to the 3rd brigade. However, the decay of the army was felt there too. Soon the 1st and 2nd brigades mutinied. He was suppressed, many soldiers were deported to Petrograd, the rest were united into one special brigade. On January 22, 1918, Anrep got him a job in the encryption department of the Russian Government Committee. Gumilev worked there for two months. However, bureaucratic work did not suit him, and soon the poet returned to Russia.

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In 1920, the Petrograd department of the All-Russian Writers' Union was established, and Gumilyov also joined it. Formally, Blok was elected head of the Union, but in fact the Union was ruled by a “more than pro-Bolshevik” group of poets led by Pavlovich. Under the pretext that a quorum was not reached in the election of the chairman, re-elections were called. The Pavlovich camp, believing that this was a simple formality, agreed, but at the re-election Gumilyov was unexpectedly nominated, and he won. Living in Soviet Russia, Nikolai Gumilyov did not hide his religious and political views - he openly baptized himself in churches and declared his views. So, at one of the poetry evenings, he answered a question from the audience - “what are your political beliefs?” answered - “I am a convinced monarchist.”

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Arrest and death On August 3, 1921, Nikolai was arrested on suspicion of participation in the conspiracy of the “Petrograd Combat Organization of V.N. Tagantsev.” For several days, Mikhail Lozinsky and Nikolai Otsup tried to help their friend out, but despite this, the poet was soon shot. On August 24, the Petrograd GubChK issued a decree on the execution of participants in the “Tagantsevsky conspiracy” (61 people in total), published on September 1, indicating that the sentence had already been carried out. The date, place of execution and burial are unknown. The following versions are common: Berngardovka (the valley of the Lubya River) near Vsevolozhsk. Bridge over the Lubya River, a memorial cross is installed on the bank. The Fox Nose pier area, behind the gunpowder warehouses. A remote area near the Razdelnaya railway station (now Lisiy Nos) was previously used as a place for executions following sentences of military courts. Anna Akhmatova believed that the place of execution was on the outskirts of the city towards the Porokhovs. Kovalevsky forest, in the area of ​​the arsenal of the Rzhevsky training ground, at the bend of the Lubya River. In 1991, Gumilyov was rehabilitated.

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Versions of the events of 1921 There are three versions about Gumilyov’s involvement in the Tagantsev conspiracy: Gumilyov participated in the conspiracy - the official Soviet version of 1921-1986, as well as emigration. Most sources agree on this version, including that stated by I. Odoevtseva, who compiled the most complete biography of the poet in last years life. Gumilyov did not participate in the conspiracy - the version of the liberals of the 1960s, which spread in the USSR during perestroika (1986-1991). The conspiracy did not exist, it was completely fabricated by the Cheka - the modern official version.

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Main features of poetry The main themes of Gumilyov's lyrics are love, art, death, and there are also military and “geographical” poems. Unlike most poets, there is practically no political and patriotic lyrics. Although the sizes of Gumilyov’s poems are extremely varied, he himself believed that his best works were anapests. Gumilyov rarely used free verse and believed that although he had won “the right to citizenship in the poetry of all countries. Nevertheless, it is quite obvious that free verse should be used extremely rarely.” Gumilyov’s most famous free verse is “My Readers.”

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Influence on literature Gumilyov’s persistent and inspired work to create formalized “schools of poetic skill” (three “Workshops of Poets”, “Studio of the Living Word”, etc.), which many contemporaries were skeptical about, turned out to be very fruitful. His students - Georgy Adamovich, Georgy Ivanov, Irina Odoevtseva, Nikolay Otsup, Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, Nikolay Tikhonov and others - became notable creative individuals. The Acmeism he created, which attracted such major talents of the era as Anna Akhmatova and Osip Mandelstam, became a completely viable creative method. Gumilev’s influence was significant both on emigrant poetry and (both through Tikhonov and directly) on Soviet poetry (in the latter case, despite the semi-forbidden nature of his name, and largely due to this circumstance).

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Interesting Facts Throughout his life, Gumilev defined his inner age as 13 years, the age of A. Akhmatova - 15, and the age of his second wife - 9 years. In 1907, when the poet was drafted into the army, he did not pass the medical examination due to strabismus, which interfered with shooting, but in 1914 he was declared fit: the first time he shot from the right shoulder, and the second time he simply changed it to the left. “Wooden with a long nose” - this is how the future author of “The Golden Key” A.N. Tolstoy described Gumilyov, long before he wrote his work.

Work, bend, fight!

And a light dream of dreams

Will pour in

Into imperishable features.

N. Gumilyov.

Since childhood, Gumilev was a weak and sickly child: he was constantly tormented by headaches, he reacted poorly to noise. Despite this, he often participated in games with peers, where he constantly tried to lead. But to communicating with children, he preferred solitude or the company of animals - the “red dog,” a parrot, and guinea pigs. He avoided people. In 1900-1903 lived in Georgia, where he was sent by his father. Here, in the “Tiflis Leaflet” of 1902, he published his first poem. He entered the Gurevich gymnasium, but after studying for a year he fell ill, and his parents invited him to a tutor. He noticed Gumilyov's penchant for zoology and geography.

Gumilyov spent his childhood in Tsarskoe Selo, where in 1894 he entered the gymnasium, the director of which was the famous poet I. Annensky. After graduating from high school, he went to study at the Sorbonne.

There is a version that it was then that Gumilyov first visited Africa, this is also evidenced by the poem “Ezbekiye,” written in 1917:

How strange - exactly ten years have passed

Since I saw Ezbekiye,

However, chronologically this is unlikely.

In 1908, Gumilyov published the collection “Romantic Flowers”. With the money received for the collection, as well as with the funds accumulated by his parents, he goes on a second journey. Arrived in Sinop, where I had to quarantine for 4 days, and from there to Istanbul. After Turkey, Gumilev visited Greece, then went to Egypt, where he visited Ezbikiye. In Cairo, the traveler suddenly ran out of money and was forced to go back.

Nikolai Gumilyov is not only a poet, but also one of the largest researchers in Africa. He made several expeditions to East and North-East Africa and brought them to the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. Peter the Great (St. Petersburg) has a rich collection.

The three years between expeditions were very eventful in the poet’s life.

In 1910, the book “Pearls” was published; on April 25 of the same year, in the St. Nicholas Church in the village of Nikolskaya Slobodka, Gumilev married Anna Andreevna Gorenko (Akhmatova).

In 1911, with the active participation of N. Gumilyov, the “Workshop of Poets” was founded, which, in addition to Gumilyov, included Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam, Vladimir Narbut, Sergei Gorodetsky, Kuzmina-Karavaeva, Zenkevich and others.

In 1912 he announced the emergence of a new artistic movement - Acmeism.

In the same year, the poetry collection “Alien Sky” was published, in which, in particular, the first, second and third cantos of the poem “The Discovery of America” were published.

GUMILOV AND AKHMATOVA WITH SON

Gumilyov was the only Russian writer who volunteered for the front. As with everything he did, Gumilyov took his participation in the war extremely seriously. He immediately began to train and improve in shooting, riding and fencing. Gumilyov served diligently and was distinguished by his courage - this is evidenced by his rapid promotion to ensign, and two St. George Crosses - IV and III degrees, which were given for exceptional courage.

N. Gumilyov 1914

• From May 1917 to April 1918. Gumilyov was in Paris and London as a representative of the allied army.

N. Gumilev in Paris

On August 5, 1918, a divorce from Anna Akhmatova took place. Relations between the poets went wrong a long time ago, but it was impossible to divorce with the right to remarry before the revolution.

In 1919, he married Anna Nikolaevna Engelhardt, the daughter of the historian and literary critic N.A. Engelhardt, this marriage also turned out to be unsuccessful.

In 1920, the Petrograd department of the All-Russian Writers' Union was established, and Gumilyov also joined it. Formally, Blok was elected head of the Union, but in fact the Union was ruled by a “more than pro-Bolshevik” group of poets led by Pavlovich. Under the pretext that a quorum was not reached in the election of the chairman, re-elections were called. The Pavlovich camp, believing that this was a simple formality, agreed, but at the re-election Gumilyov was unexpectedly nominated, and he won.

On August 3, 1921, Nikolai Gumilyov was arrested on suspicion of participation in the conspiracy of the “Petrograd Combat Organization of V.N. Tagantsev.” For several days, Mikhail Lozinsky and Nikolai Otsup tried to help their friend out, but despite this, the poet was soon shot.

On August 24, the Petrograd GubChK issued a decree on the execution of participants in the “Tagantsevsky conspiracy” (61 people in total), published on September 1, indicating that the sentence had already been carried out. The date, place of execution and burial are unknown

Slide 15

The main themes of Gumilyov's lyrics are love, art, death, and there are also military and “geographical” poems. Unlike most poets, there is practically no political and patriotic lyrics.

Although the sizes of Gumilyov’s poems are extremely varied, he himself believed that his best works were anapests. Gumilyov rarely used free verse and believed that although he had won “the right to citizenship in the poetry of all countries. Nevertheless, it is quite obvious that free verse should be used extremely rarely.” Gumilyov's most famous free verse is “My Readers.”

Collections:

"The Way of the Conquistadors" (1905)

"Romantic Flowers" (1908)

"Pearls" (1910)

"Alien Sky" (1912)

"Quiver" (1916)

"Bonfire" (1918)

"Porcelain Pavilion" (1918)

"Pillar of Fire" (1921)

"Tent" (1921)

"To the Blue Star" (1917)

“Quiver”, fourth book of poems, Petropolis publishing house, Berlin (1923).

Don Juan in Egypt (1912)

Actaeon (1913)

Gondola (1917)

Child of Allah (1918)

Rhino hunting

Notes of a Cavalryman (1914-1915)

The Black General (1917)

Merry brothers

African diary

Up the Nile

Deucalion

Shadow of a Palm Tree (1909-1916)

A separate poem by Mick. (1918)