One of the most important features of Turgenev is the desire to understand everything that is happening in the country. A striking novel that reflected an entire stage in the historical development of Russia in the second half of the 19th century was the novel “Fathers and Sons.” The title of the work suggests that it will resolve the eternal issue - the contradiction between generations, and it is raised by the author, but in fact the writer is more concerned about something else. Fathers and sons are those who live the thoughts of the passing generation and representatives of new ideas, directions, thoughts, new people born of a new time. In the novel, Turgenev tries to understand and comprehend the purpose of life, the worldview of this new man, a commoner by origin, a democrat by political views. The novel “Fathers and Sons” shows the struggle between the worldviews of two political directions - liberal nobles and democratic revolutionaries. The plot of the novel is built on the opposition of representatives of these directions - the commoner Bazarov and the nobleman P. P. Kirsanov. In addition to this “main problem,” Turgenev raises a number of other issues related to the moral, cultural, socio-economic development of Russia in the sixties of the 19th century.
Turgenev poses questions that concern the progressive people of that time: what is the difference between revolutionary democrats and liberals, how should one treat the people, labor, science, art, what changes are necessary in agriculture, in the economy? The author shows us three disputes between Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov, in which these questions are raised. So, the theme of the nobility, its role in life. According to Kirsanov, aristocrats are the driving force of social development. Their ideal is “English freedom” (constitutional monarchy), the path to the ideal is liberal (reforms, openness, progress). According to E. Bazarov, aristocrats are not capable of action, there is no benefit from them, Bazarov rejects liberalism, denies the ability of the nobility to lead Russia to the future.
The next question concerns nihilism and the role of nihilists in life. Pavel Petrovich condemns nihilists for the fact that they “respect no one,” live without principles, consider them unnecessary and powerless: “You are only four and a half people.” To this Bazarov replies: “Moscow burned down from a penny candle.” By denying “everything,” Bazarov means religion, the autocratic-serf system, and generally accepted morality. What do the nihilists claim? First of all, the need for revolutionary action. Their criterion is public benefit.
What are the views of both sides regarding the people? Pavel Petrovich glorifies the peasant community, family, religiosity, and patriarchy of the Russian peasant. Bazarov says that the people do not understand their own interests, are dark and ignorant, but considers it necessary to distinguish people’s interests from popular prejudices, claims that the people are revolutionary in spirit, therefore nihilism is a manifestation of the people’s spirit.
The fourth question concerns the attitude of the disputants towards art and nature. Pavel Petrovich blesses and glorifies art. The author agrees with P. Kirsanov on this. Bazarov denies art (“Raphael is not worth a penny”) and approaches nature purely materialistically: (“Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.”)
Let's summarize. The disputes were not about private issues. They concerned the present and future of Russia. In all disputes, the last word remained with Bazarov. A compromise between Turgenev’s heroes is impossible; their duel confirms this.
Turgenev, being a liberal by conviction, felt the superiority of Bazarov. Moreover, he argued: “My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class.” The author completely disagreed with his hero only on the issue of art and nature. And yet his hero dies at the end of the novel. Why? Maybe his time has not come yet (“...Russia needs me... No, apparently I’m not needed. And who is needed?”) Or maybe the author considered Bazarov’s task in the “noble nest” of the Kirsanovs completed? He could not show the hero in an environment close to him, among like-minded people - he was simply far from it.
It is impossible to answer unequivocally. However, it should be noted that the novel is dedicated to V. G. Belinsky - a man of the forties, who had the same “passionate, sinful, rebellious heart” as Bazarov. Turgenev does not know how the issues raised by his heroes will be resolved, but the fact that they are raised is a huge merit of the writer.
Kirsanov's disputes with Bazarov have ideological significance. They reveal the main idea, the idea of the novel, what it was written for. They give special poignancy to the plot, serve as a characteristic of each hero, they show the superiority of new, progressive ideas over old, outdated ones, and the eternal movement of society towards progress.
Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich: comparative characteristics (table). Bazarov and Kirsanov
The problem of relationships between fathers and children in literature is not a new topic. However, Turgenev was the first to create the image of a leading man of his time. The writer has an ambivalent attitude towards the main character of the work “Fathers and Sons”.
Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are representatives of different generations. Let's try to compare and analyze in what aspects these two characters differ.
Writer about the work
Turgenev says about his novel that it is directed against the aristocracy, which was considered the advanced class in Russia.
Bazarov and Kirsanov are two characters whose contrasting views formed the basis of the plot of the work. The specifics of the worldview and position in society of these heroes can be presented in the form of a table. This form allows you to see the main aspects of their contradictions most clearly.
Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. Comparative characteristics. Table
Attitude to the aristocracy
Kirsanov believes that the aristocracy is a key driving force in the development of society. The ideal form of government, in his opinion, is a constitutional monarchy, which can be achieved through liberal reforms.
Bazarov notes the aristocrats’ inability to act; they cannot bring any benefit, unable to lead Russia to the future.
This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich relate to the aristocracy. The comparative characteristics (the table is presented above) reflects this and gives an idea of how different their understanding of what the driving force of social development is.
Attitude towards nihilism
The next question on which the two heroes argue concerns nihilism and its role in the life of society.
Pavel Petrovich defines representatives of this worldview as impudent and cynics who do not respect or recognize anything. He is glad that there are few of them in society.
Nihilists note the need for revolutionary changes. Bazarov believes that the people are ignorant, but revolutionary in spirit. Evgeniy sees meaning only in what is useful; he does not consider it necessary to say big words.
This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich look at nihilism. The comparative characteristics (the table is in the article) reflects this moment, shows how different the attitude of the heroes to this ideological position is.
Attitude towards ordinary people
Pavel Petrovich is far from the people, but at the same time he is touched by patriarchy and religiosity. Bazarov considers the peasants dark, ignorant, and ignorant of their rights.
Kirsanov believes that the life of ordinary people according to the rules established by their great-grandfathers is correct. Bazarov despises the ignorance of the peasants.
Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table records this point) perceive the position of the common people in society differently.
By his origin, Evgeniy is closer to ordinary people. He is a commoner. Consequently, he understands the peasants more. Pavel Petrovich comes from a noble family, he is absolutely far from understanding the life of ordinary people. What Kirsanov considers faith, Bazarov calls superstition.
A compromise between these heroes is impossible, which is confirmed by the duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich.
Attitude to art, nature
The views of Bazarov and Kirsanov differ even in the perception of art. They treat nature differently. According to Bazarov, reading fiction is a waste of time, and he values nature solely as a resource. Kirsanov is the complete opposite of him. On the contrary, he loves the world around him, art, music.
Bazarov believes that it is necessary to rely in life only on personal experience and sensations. Based on this, he denies art, since it is only a generalized and figurative understanding of experience, distracting from the matter. He denies the world's cultural achievements.
Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich look at nature and art differently. The comparative characteristics (the table displays this) once again show the practicality of Eugene’s views.
Biography of heroes, attitude to life
Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are two opposite characters. The author makes this clear to us. Kirsanov hated Evgeny because he showed Pavel Petrovich the uselessness of his existence. Before meeting him, Kirsanov believed that he was noble and worthy of respect. When Evgeny appears, Pavel Petrovich comes to the realization of the emptiness and meaninglessness of his own life.
Kirsanov is undoubtedly a worthy representative of the nobility. He is the son of a general, an officer who wasted the best years of his life in an effort to win the woman he loved. The elder Kirsanov is, of course, honest, decent, and loves his family.
Turgenev notes that, having described the best representatives of the nobility in the novel, he wanted to emphasize the failure and futility of this class.
Bazarov's parents are very pious people. His father is a zemstvo doctor, his mother, as the author writes about her, should have been born two hundred years ago.
According to his social status, Bazarov is a commoner who loves work. He is a man with a strong mind and character, who raised himself.
Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table clearly reflects this) are two completely different people in their views and origins.
In the novel “Fathers and Sons,” the author contrasts two very bright characters. Pavel Petrovich's beliefs characterize him as a representative of the past. Bazarov’s views are too advanced and progressive, extremely materialistic, which may be responsible for the death of this hero at the end of the work.
Literature lesson plan (grade 10) on the topic:
"The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov" (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")
"The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov" (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")
Preview:
The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov. (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)
Lesson summary of the teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU "Arch-Golitsinskaya Secondary School" Mikheeva Lyudmila Nikolaevna.
Objectives: 1.Improve students’ ability to compose comparative characteristics of characters. 2. Be able to determine the moral and ideological positions of the characters in the work. 3. Develop students’ thinking and oral speech. 4. Develop students' interest in reading the novel.
Equipment: Portrait of I. S. Turgenev, presentation “Fathers and Sons”.
Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. P. Kirsanov.
1. Origin, social affiliation
4. Philosophical, socio-political views, moral position
5. Attitude towards love
6. Lifestyle, interests
7. Attitude towards each other
Generation conflict... This problem is relevant at all times. — In which works is this problem addressed? (Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, A. Ostrovsky's The Thunderstorm, etc.) In the mid-19th century, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in Russia, disputes between liberals and revolutionary democrats, aristocrats and commoners sharply intensified. I. S. Turgenev tells us about this in his novel.
—Which of the novel’s heroes oppose each other?
What are these people called? (antipodes)
Antipode is a person who is opposite to someone in terms of beliefs, properties, tastes. (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. I. Ozhegov)
Name the antipodes in Russian literature. (Grinev and Shvabrin, Oblomov and Stolz, Chatsky and Molchalin...) Today we will conduct a comparative description of the new heroes of the novel.
— 1. What can you say about the origin, social affiliation of the heroes? P. Kirsanov is a nobleman, aristocrat, son of a general, retired officer, liberal-conservative. E. Bazarov - the son of a military doctor, had peasant roots, a medical student. Faculty of St. Petersburg University, commoner, democrat-nihilist.”
2.Portrait. Bazarov - “tall in a long robe with tassels.” The face is “long and thin, with a wide forehead, a flat top, pointed nose downwards, large green eyes and drooping sand-colored sideburns...” He has “naked red arms.”
P. P. Kirsanov - “gloss and panache” in all appearance, “elegant and thoroughbred” appearance, beautiful hands with long pink nails.
3. Speech - P. P. Kirsanov uses French expressions in conversation, his speech is refined, often distorts Russian words in a foreign manner (principles, etc.) E. Bazarov - speaks simply and artlessly, his speech is common, often uses sayings and aphorisms.( read from the text)
- There are many differences between the heroes, but perhaps the most important thing that makes them irreconcilable opponents is the philosophical positions of each.
—What are our heroes arguing about?
1. On the attitude towards the nobility
P. Kirsanov. Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force in aristocrats. The significance of aristocracy, in his opinion, is that it once gave freedom in England, and that aristocrats have a highly developed sense of self-esteem and self-respect. Their self-respect is important since society is built on the individual
E. Bazarov. The conversation that the aristocracy gave England freedom - “Old Song”, a lot has changed after the seventeenth century, so Pavel Petrovich’s reference cannot serve as an argument. The aristocracy is of no use to anyone; their main occupation is doing nothing (“sitting with folded hands”). They only care about themselves, about their appearance. Under these conditions, their dignity and self-respect look like empty words. Aristocratism is a useless word. In idleness and empty chatter, Bazarov sees the basic political principle of the entire noble society, living at the expense of others.
2.On the principle of activity of nihilists
Pavel Petrovich stands for preserving the old order. He is afraid to imagine the destruction of “everything” in society. He agrees to make only minor changes in combining the foundations of the existing system, to adapt to new conditions, as his brother does. They are not reactionaries, they are liberals
E. Bazarov. Nihilists act deliberately, based on the principle of usefulness of activity for society. They deny the social system, that is, autocracy, religion, this is the meaning of the word “ALL”. Bazarov notes that the freedom that the government is worrying about is unlikely to be of any use; This phrase contains a hint of impending reforms. Bazarov does not accept reform as a means of changing the social situation. Denial is perceived by new people as activity, not chatter.
3.About attitude towards the people
P. Kirsanov. The Russian people are patriarchal, they sacredly value traditions, and cannot live without religion. These Slavophile views (with a lifestyle in the English way) speak of reactionaryness. He is touched by the backwardness of the people and sees this as the key to the salvation of society.
E. Bazarov. The situation of the people causes Bazarov not tenderness, but anger. He sees trouble in all areas of people's life. Bazarov turns out to be far-sighted and condemns what will later become the creed of populism. It is no coincidence that he says that the Russian people do not need useless words like “liberalism” and “progress”. Bazarov has a sober attitude towards the people. He sees the lack of education and superstition of the people. He despises these shortcomings. However, Bazarov sees not only the downtrodden state, but also the discontent of the people.
4.About views on art
P. Kirsanov. The new Peredvizhniki artists abandon frozen academic traditions and blindly follow old models, including Raphael. The Peredvizhniki artists, in his opinion, absolutely abandoned traditions. New artists are “powerless and sterile to the point of disgusting.”
E. Bazarov. He denies both old and new art: “Raphael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him.”
Who wins in disputes?
Does Bazarov have the right to judge his opponent and his “principles” in such a humiliating manner? (We must respect other people's opinions, age..)
5. Attitude towards love. (slide “Scene of E. Bazarov’s declaration of love for A. Odintsova”)
P. P. Kirsanov always enjoyed success with women, and men envied him. He led an active lifestyle, but everything changed instantly when Princess R. appeared in his life, whom Kirsanov met at a ball and with whom he fell passionately in love. The princess soon lost interest in him, and he almost went crazy and began chasing her all over the world, showing cowardice. Exhausted by these relationships, Pavel Petrovich grew old, gray and lost interest in life.
Bazarov treats love very coldly. “A man who staked his entire life on a woman’s love, and when this card was killed, became limp and sank to the point that he was incapable of anything, such a person is not a man,” he notes. Love seemed like a test for Bazarov... Love conquers selfishness, enlightens the world, this feeling turned out to be not physiological, as the hero assumed, this feeling is shocking and traumatic. In words he denied love, but in reality life forced him to admit it.
For Bazarov, such a drama means humiliation and is perceived as a manifestation of shameful weakness.
6. Lifestyle, interests.
There are differences between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich in relation to art and nature. From Bazarov’s point of view, “reading Pushkin is wasted time, playing music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is absurd.” Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, loves nature and music. Art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul and distracts from business. All this is “romanticism”, “nonsense”. Looking at the album of Saxon Switzerland, Bazarov tells Odintsova: “You don’t assume artistic sense in me - yes, I really don’t have any, but these views could interest me from a geological point of view.” Bazarov tries to debunk ineffective “principles”, does not accept illusory daydreaming, rejecting the achievements of culture (“Raphael is not worth a penny”) and perceiving nature in a utilitarian way.
Kirsanov and Bazarov each remain with their own opinion.
Bazarov is the enemy of abstract science, divorced from life. He is for science that would be understandable to the people. Bazarov is a worker of science, he is tireless in his experiments, completely absorbed in his favorite profession.
7.Attitude towards each other.
Bazarov should not forget about respect for the older generation. He crosses out the entire life of P. Kirsanov, who believed that he was leading a noble life and worthy of respect.
4. Summing up the lesson.
— Is there a winner in the dispute?
Did the heroes want to find the truth or were they just sorting things out?
Whose side do you think the author is on? I. S. Turgenev considers himself to be a generation of “fathers” and tries to convey to us the idea of the important role of “old people” in the past and present of Russia. It is impossible to deny all the accumulated human experience, art, religion, and the spiritual side of society. The author tried to convey to the reader the idea of finding some kind of compromise between generations.
6. Homework. Analysis of the last chapters of the novel. "The Death of Bazarov."
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
This lesson is the final result of a study of a short-term educational project based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. The purpose of the lesson is to present the finished research product.
The game is played in accordance with the regulations of the television game “Clever Men and Clever Guys” and consists of 4 agon stages (agon - competition), during which the agonist - the winner - is determined.
A research article on the role and significance of the portrait in revealing the character of Turgenev’s Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov in the novel “Fathers and Sons” may be of interest to high school literature teachers and.
A basic outline can serve as an assistant in preparing for lessons on I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.”
Literature lesson (technology “Development of critical thinking through reading and writing”).
The writer's eternal desire to understand what is happening in the country, the prize of I.S. Turgenev. The contrast between two worldviews and two political directions is reflected in the novel.
Lesson + presentation on the topic: The test of love and illness of Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".
Disputes Between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Table
What did Bazarov and Kirsanov argue about in Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”? One of the most important features of Turgenev is the desire to understand everything that is happening in the country.
All this gave rise to disagreements between the heroes. Dispute about principles (views of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov). Comparison table.
A striking novel that reflected an entire stage in the historical development of Russia in the second half of the 19th century was the novel “Fathers and Sons.” The title of the work suggests that it will resolve the eternal issue - the contradiction between generations, and it is raised by the author, but in fact the writer is more concerned about something else.
The author shows us three disputes between Bazarov and P. Kirsanov, in which. Pavel Petrovich condemns nihilists for the fact that they “don’t help anyone. A compromise between Turgenev's heroes is impossible. Pavel Petrovich is twenty years older than Bazarov, but, perhaps, even in. However, he does not give victory on this point of the dispute to Pavel Petrovich. The difference between the heroes is visible in their behavior in Kirsanov’s “empire”. In disputes and clashes between two heroes of the novel - Pavel Petrovich. Comparative characteristics of Nikolai and Pavel Kirsanov (table) Kirsanov N. Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich (essay) Disputes between Bazarov and Pavel. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov" (based on the novel by I. Turgenev "Fathers and. Work on the table. Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force in the aristocrats. Bazarov demands a replacement of the very foundations of society. Bazarov expresses these views and beliefs in disputes with Pavel Petrovich - his ideological one.
Fathers and sons are those who live the thoughts of the passing generation and representatives of new ideas, directions, thoughts, new people born of a new time. In the novel, Turgenev tries to understand, comprehend the purpose of life, the worldview of this new man, a commoner by origin, a democrat by political views. The novel “Fathers and Sons” shows the struggle between the worldviews of two political directions - liberal nobles and democratic revolutionaries. On the contrast of representatives of these directions - commoner Bazarov and nobleman P.
Kirsanov - the plot of the novel is constructed. In addition to this “main problem,” Turgenev raises a number of other issues related to the moral, cultural, socio-economic development of Russia in the sixties of the 19th century. Turgenev poses questions that concern progressive people of that time: what is the difference between democratic revolutionaries and liberals, how should we treat the people, labor, science, art, what changes are necessary in agriculture, in the economy?
RU::Lines of dispute between Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov (based on Evgeny Bazarov and the mature aristocrat Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.
The author shows us three disputes between Bazarov and P. Kirsanov, in which these questions are raised. So, the theme of the nobility, its role in life. Download Drivers for Epson Tx410 Scanner. According to Kirsanov, aristocrats are the driving force of social development.
Their ideal is “English freedom” (constitutional monarchy), the path to the ideal is liberal (reforms, openness, progress). According to E. Bazarov, aristocrats are not capable of action, there is no benefit from them, Bazarov rejects liberalism, denies the ability of the nobility to lead Russia to the future. The next question concerns nihilism and the role of nihilists in life. Pavel Petrovich condemns nihilists for the fact that they “respect no one,” live without principles, consider them unnecessary and powerless: “You are only four and a half people.” To this Bazarov replies: “Moscow burned down from a penny candle.” By denying “everything,” Bazarov means religion, the autocratic-serf system, and generally accepted morality. What do the nihilists claim?
First of all, the need for revolutionary action. Their criterion is public benefit. What are the views of both sides regarding the people?
Pavel Petrovich glorifies the peasant community, family, religiosity, and patriarchy of the Russian peasant. Bazarov says that the people do not understand their own interests, are dark and ignorant, but considers it necessary to distinguish people’s interests from popular prejudices, claims that the people are revolutionary in spirit, therefore nihilism is a manifestation of the people’s spirit. The fourth question concerns the attitude of the disputants towards art and nature. Pavel Petrovich blesses and glorifies art. The author agrees with P. Bazarov on this. He denies art (“Raphael is not worth a penny”) and approaches nature purely materialistically: (“Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.”) Let’s summarize.
The disputes were not about private issues. They concerned the present and future of Russia. In all disputes, the last word remained with Bazarov.
A compromise between Turgenev’s heroes is impossible; their duel confirms this. Whose side is the author on? Turgenev, being a liberal by conviction, felt the superiority of Bazarov. Moreover, he argued: “My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class.” The author completely disagreed with his hero only on the issue of art and nature.
And yet his hero dies at the end of the novel. Maybe his time has not yet come (“And who is needed?”) Or maybe the author considered Bazarov’s task in the “noble nest” of the Kirsanovs completed? He could not show the hero in an environment close to him, among like-minded people - he was simply far from it. It is impossible to answer unequivocally. However, it should be noted that the novel is dedicated to V.
Belinsky - a man of the forties who had the same “passionate, sinful, rebellious heart” as Bazarov. Turgenev does not know how the issues raised by his heroes will be resolved, but the fact that they are raised is a huge merit of the writer.
Bazarov and Kirsanov. The problem of relationships between fathers and children in literature is not a new topic. However, Turgenev was the first to create the image of a leading man of his time. The writer refers to the main character of the work. Let's try to compare and analyze in what aspects these two characters differ.
Writer about the work. Download an Essay on the Topic of Culture and Civilization here. Turgenev says about his novel that it is directed against the aristocracy, which was considered the advanced class in Russia. Bazarov and Kirsanov are two characters whose contrasting views formed the basis of the plot of the work. The specifics of the worldview and position in society of these heroes can be presented in the form of a table. This form allows you to see the main aspects of their contradictions most clearly. Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich.
Comparative characteristics. Table. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Evgeny Bazarov. Attitude to the aristocracy. The aristocracy is the driving force behind the development of society. The uselessness of the aristocracy, the inability to lead Russia to the future. Attitude towards nihilism.
Considers nihilists harmful to society. Nihilism is a powerful driving force of development. Attitude towards the common people. He is touched by the patriarchal nature of the peasant family and says that the people cannot live without faith. He considers the people ignorant, dark and superstitious, and notes the revolutionary nature of the human spirit.
Attitude to art, nature. Loves nature, art, music. Defines nature as a workshop in which man is in charge.
Art is considered useless. Origin. Born into a noble family. Born into the family of a zemstvo doctor, he was a commoner. Attitude to the aristocracy. Kirsanov believes that the aristocracy is a key driving force in the development of society.
The ideal form of government, in his opinion, is a constitutional monarchy, which can be achieved through liberal reforms. Bazarov notes the aristocrats’ inability to act; they cannot bring any benefit, unable to lead Russia to the future. This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich relate to the aristocracy. The comparative characteristics (the table is presented above) reflects this and gives an idea of how different their understanding of what the driving force of social development is.
Attitude towards nihilism. The next question on which the two heroes argue concerns nihilism and its role in the life of society. Pavel Petrovich defines representatives of this worldview as impudent and cynics who do not respect or recognize anything. He is glad that there are few of them in society. Nihilists note the need for revolutionary changes.
Bazarov believes that the people are ignorant, but revolutionary in spirit. Evgeniy sees meaning only in what is useful; he does not consider it necessary to say big words. This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich look at nihilism. The comparative characteristics (the table is in the article) reflects this moment, shows how different the attitude of the heroes to this ideological position is. Attitude towards ordinary people.
Kirsanov believes that the life of ordinary people according to the rules established by their great-grandfathers is correct. Bazarov despises the ignorance of the peasants. Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table records this point) have different perceptions of the position of the common people in society. By his origin, Evgeniy is closer to ordinary people.
He is a commoner. Consequently, he understands the peasants more. Pavel Petrovich comes from a noble family, he is absolutely far from understanding the life of ordinary people. What Kirsanov considers faith, Bazarov calls superstition.
A compromise between these heroes is impossible, which is confirmed by the duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. Attitude to art, nature. The views of Bazarov and Kirsanov differ even in the perception of art. They treat nature differently. According to Bazarov, reading fiction is a waste of time, and he values nature solely as a resource. Kirsanov is the complete opposite of him.
On the contrary, he loves the world around him, art, music. Bazarov believes that it is necessary to rely in life only on personal experience and sensations. Based on this, he denies art, since it is only a generalized and figurative understanding of experience, distracting from the matter.
He denies the world's cultural achievements. This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich look at nature and art differently. The comparative characteristics (the table displays this) once again show the practicality of Eugene’s views.
Biography of heroes, attitude to life. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are two opposite characters. The author makes this clear to us. Kirsanov hated Evgeny because he showed Pavel Petrovich the uselessness of his existence. Before meeting him, Kirsanov believed that he was noble and worthy of respect. When Evgeny appears, Pavel Petrovich comes to the realization of the emptiness and meaninglessness of his own life.
Kirsanov is undoubtedly a worthy representative of the nobility. He is the son of a general, an officer who wasted the best years of his life in an effort to win the woman he loved.
The elder Kirsanov is, of course, honest, decent, and loves his family. Turgenev notes that, having described the best representatives of the nobility in the novel, he wanted to emphasize the failure and futility of this class. Bazarov's parents are very pious people. His father is a zemstvo doctor, his mother, as the author writes about her, should have been born two hundred years ago. According to his social status, Bazarov is a commoner who loves work. He is a man with a strong mind and character, who raised himself. Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table clearly reflects this) are two completely different people in their views and origins.
The clash of different generations, different views is a problem that will never cease to be relevant. The most striking example is the novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. In this work, I. S. Turgenev masterfully reveals the theme of the clash of generations with the help of two characters: Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov. Evgeny Bazarov represents the younger generation, and Pavel Kirsanov represents the old.
The views of the heroes are opposed to each other, they are from different generations, which is why there is a huge gap between them. It would seem that age does not always divide people so strongly, but a serious conflict arises between Pavel and Evgeniy. Their ideological views are opposite to each other. Bazarov and Kirsanov are “on opposite sides of the barricades.” In order to understand what the disagreement is, you need to consider the images and ideas of both heroes.
Due to his rather “young” views on life, Bazarov has a rather critical point of view. He is a nihilist, that is, all traditions and foundations for him are just the dust of time. Old stuff. For Eugene, nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and “Man is a worker in it.” It immediately becomes clear that in the person of Bazarov in the novel, the new generation denies the entire foundation that their ancestors built, they want to destroy it. Although they cannot offer anything new in return. The most important thing in the image of the hero is that he accepts only what is useful, and the aristocrats of that time, in his opinion, are useless.
Kirsanov is a supporter of the old generation. He is an aristocrat and firmly believes that this section of society has earned its place by works. Living in the village with his brother, Pavel continues to behave like a real aristocrat. He wears a suit, his gait is confident, his speech and appearance: everything speaks of the hero’s intelligence. Pavel Kirsanov zealously proves his ideas to Evgeniy, his opponent of the younger generation. Kirsanov stands for moral principles, but it is worth noting that they do not coincide with his life. The hero spends his days in celebration.
Both heroes are very similar to each other, their characters are not at all opposite: they both fight for their idea, although they bring practically nothing useful to society. And this has its place in the novel. Generations are always similar to each other, they are inextricably linked, but each generation brings with it ideas and views that may differ. In the novel, the main plan is occupied by the clash of generations, so similar, but denying each other.
Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov essay
Pavel Kirsanov is a typical aristocrat with a sleek appearance and liberal views. In Pavel's family there is a cult of veneration of beauty. Evgeny Bazarov's appearance is “plebeian”. He is simple, his facial features reveal a man of deep mental work. Evgeniy is interested in natural science, since it can be seen and verified, unlike spiritual “nonsense.” He is one of the nihilists. The views of both heroes differ. Through their beliefs and conversations, Turgenev shows this confrontation: a dispute between the old, entrenched, and the new, which does not know what to do except deny the opposite.
Despite all their differences, both heroes are similar in many ways. Both Pavel and Evgeniy are strong-willed and strong personalities. And, both of them are susceptible to reasoning on abstract topics. This was the problem. Bazarov, wanting global changes and actions leading to this, does not go beyond the scope of reasoning, just like Kirsanov.
But, in the end, Evgeniy is faced with what previously seemed empty to him. No matter how Bazarov denies love, considering it complete nonsense, he falls in love. And, dying, he rethinks his views. What he denied all his life turns out to be an integral part of human existence.
But the situation prevailing in liberal societies, a striking example of which is the Kirsanov family, cannot contribute to its full development. The problem of discord, based on these trends, is shown by Turgenev in the novel with all its principles and problems. And the main thing is that the one-sided views of both sides only lead to inaction or thoughtless actions.
Turgenev's novel is dedicated to the problem of confrontation between two ideological social trends of that time. At first glance, it seems that this is an eternal problem of the older and younger generations, their misunderstanding of each other. But it turns out to be a little different. On the one hand, there are liberals, ardent defenders of established ways of life, on the other, nihilists who deny all these orders. This work is built on the opposition of some views to others. This is shown by the example of two heroes of the novel - Pavel Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov.
The actions described in the novel take place in the mid-19th century. At this time, the emergence of new ideals and principles of life was just beginning to develop. The people who followed them did not fully and fully realize the significance of this social phenomenon. And they followed it, for the most part, because it was fashionable.
Nihilists denied everything that had been established for centuries: the existing social and state order and much more. And their task at that time was to undermine these structures, to destroy them. But they could not build something new on the ruins of the old. Yes, and few people thought about it. This very clearly conveys one of Pavel’s conversations with Bazarov. To Kirsanov’s words that someone needs to build it, Evgeniy replied that it was no longer their concern
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The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov. (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)
Goals : 1.Improve students’ ability to compose comparative characteristics of characters. 2. Be able to determine the moral and ideological positions of the characters in the work. 3. Develop students’ thinking and oral speech. 4. Develop students' interest in reading the novel.
Equipment: Portrait of I. S. Turgenev, presentation “Fathers and Sons”.
Progress of the lesson.
Organizational moment .
Report the topic and objectives of the lesson.( On the screen is a portrait of I. S. Turgenev) We continue to study I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” “My whole life is in my writings,” he wrote. Turgenev has a special sense of time. “Our time requires us to capture modernity in its emerging images; You can’t be too late.” In his works he “caught” something new that was just emerging in Russian life. Today in class we will try to answer the questions with you: -What is the meaning of the title of the novel? -How and why is there a dispute between representatives of different generations? Guys, at home you compiled a comparative description of the images of P. P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov.3. Work according to the table.
Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. P. Kirsanov.
Generation conflict... This problem is relevant at all times. — In which works is this problem addressed? (Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, A. Ostrovsky's The Thunderstorm, etc.) In the mid-19th century, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in Russia, disputes between liberals and revolutionary democrats, aristocrats and commoners sharply intensified. I. S. Turgenev tells us about this in his novel.
—Which of the novel’s heroes oppose each other?
What are these people called? (antipodes)
Antipode - a person who is opposite to someone in terms of beliefs, properties, tastes. (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. I. Ozhegov)
Name the antipodes in Russian literature. (Grinev and Shvabrin, Oblomov and Stolz, Chatsky and Molchalin...) Today we will conduct a comparative description of the new heroes of the novel.
— 1. What can you sayabout the origin, social affiliation of the heroes ? P. Kirsanov - nobleman, aristocrat, son of a general, retired officer, liberal-conservative.E. Bazarov -son of a military doctor, had peasant roots, medical student. Faculty of St. Petersburg University, commoner, democrat-nihilist.”
2.Portrait. Bazarov - “tall in a long robe with tassels.” The face is “long and thin, with a wide forehead, a flat nose at the top, a pointed nose at the bottom, large green eyes and drooping sand-colored sideburns...” He has “naked red arms.”
P. P. Kirsanov- in all appearance “gloss and panache”, appearance “elegant and thoroughbred”, beautiful hands with long pink nails.
3. Speech — P. P. Kirsanov uses French expressions in conversation, his speech is refined, and he often distorts Russian words into a foreign manner (principles, etc.)E. Bazarov- speaks simply and artlessly, his speech is common, he often uses sayings and aphorisms. (read from the text)
There are many differences between the heroes, but perhaps the most important thing that makes them irreconcilable opponents is the philosophical positions of each.
— What are our heroes arguing about?
1. On the attitude towards the nobility
P. Kirsanov . Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force in aristocrats. The significance of aristocracy, in his opinion, is that it once gave freedom in England, and that aristocrats have a highly developed sense of self-esteem and self-respect. Their self-respect is important since society is built on the individual
E. Bazarov. The conversation that the aristocracy gave England freedom - “Old Song”, a lot has changed after the seventeenth century, so Pavel Petrovich’s reference cannot serve as an argument. The aristocracy is of no use to anyone; their main occupation is doing nothing (“sitting with folded hands”). They only care about themselves, about their appearance. Under these conditions, their dignity and self-respect look like empty words. Aristocratism is a useless word. In idleness and empty chatter, Bazarov sees the basic political principle of the entire noble society, living at the expense of others.
2.On the principle of activity of nihilists
Pavel Petrovich stands for the preservation of the old order. He is afraid to imagine the destruction of “everything” in society. He agrees to make only minor changes in combining the foundations of the existing system, to adapt to new conditions, as his brother does. They are not reactionaries, they are liberals
E. Bazarov . Nihilists act deliberately, based on the principle of usefulness of activity for society. They deny the social system, that is, autocracy, religion, this is the meaning of the word “ALL”. Bazarov notes that the freedom that the government is trying to achieve is unlikely to be of any use; This phrase contains a hint of impending reforms. Bazarov does not accept reform as a means of changing the social situation. Denial is perceived by new people as activity, not chatter.
3.About attitude towards the people
P. Kirsanov . The Russian people are patriarchal, they sacredly value traditions, and cannot live without religion. These Slavophile views (with a lifestyle in the English way) speak of reactionaryness. He is touched by the backwardness of the people and sees this as the key to the salvation of society.
E. Bazarov . The situation of the people causes Bazarov not tenderness, but anger. He sees trouble in all areas of people's life. Bazarov turns out to be far-sighted and condemns what will later become the creed of populism. It is no coincidence that he says that the Russian people do not need useless words like “liberalism” and “progress”. Bazarov has a sober attitude towards the people. He sees the lack of education and superstition of the people. He despises these shortcomings. However, Bazarov sees not only the downtrodden state, but also the discontent of the people.
4.About views on art
P. Kirsanov. The new Peredvizhniki artists abandon frozen academic traditions and blindly follow old models, including Raphael. The Peredvizhniki artists, in his opinion, absolutely abandoned traditions. New artists are “powerless and sterile to the point of disgusting.”
E. Bazarov. He denies both old and new art: “Raphael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him.”
Who wins in disputes?
Does Bazarov have the right to judge his opponent and his “principles” in such a humiliating manner? (We must respect other people's opinions, age..)
5. Attitude towards love. (slide “Scene of E. Bazarov’s declaration of love for A. Odintsova”)
P. P. Kirsanov always enjoyed success with women, and men envied him. He led an active lifestyle, but everything changed instantly when Princess R. appeared in his life, whom Kirsanov met at a ball and with whom he fell passionately in love. The princess soon lost interest in him, and he almost went crazy and began chasing her all over the world, showing cowardice. Exhausted by these relationships, Pavel Petrovich grew old, gray and lost interest in life.
Bazarov treats love very coldly. “A man who staked his entire life on a woman’s love, and when this card was killed, became limp and sank to the point that he was incapable of anything, such a person is not a man,” he notes. Love seemed like a test for Bazarov... Love conquers selfishness, enlightens the world, this feeling turned out to be not physiological, as the hero assumed, this feeling is shocking and traumatic. In words he denied love, but in reality life forced him to admit it.
For Bazarov, such a drama means humiliation and is perceived as a manifestation of shameful weakness.
6. Lifestyle, interests.
There are differences between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich in relation to art and nature. From Bazarov’s point of view, “reading Pushkin is wasted time, playing music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is absurd.” Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, loves nature and music. Art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul and distracts from business. All this is “romanticism”, “nonsense”. Looking at the album of Saxon Switzerland, Bazarov tells Odintsova: “You don’t assume artistic sense in me - yes, I really don’t have any, but these views could interest me from a geological point of view.” Bazarov tries to debunk ineffective “principles”, does not accept illusory daydreaming, rejecting the achievements of culture (“Raphael is not worth a penny”) and perceiving nature in a utilitarian way.Kirsanov and Bazarov each remain with their own opinion. Bazarov is the enemy of abstract science, divorced from life. He is for science that would be understandable to the people. Bazarov is a worker of science, he is tireless in his experiments, completely absorbed in his favorite profession.
7.Attitude towards each other.
Bazarov should not forget about respect for the older generation. He crosses out the entire life of P. Kirsanov, who believed that he was leading a noble life and worthy of respect.
4. Summing up the lesson.
— Is there a winner in the dispute?
Did the heroes want to find the truth or were they just sorting things out?
Whose side do you think the author is on? (He considers himself to be a generation of “fathers”, trying to convey to us the idea of the important role of “old people” in the past and present of Russia. One cannot deny all the accumulated human experience, art, religion, the spiritual side of society. The author tried to convey to the reader the idea of finding some kind of compromise between generations.
5.Grading.
6. Homework. Analysis of the last chapters of the novel. "The Death of Bazarov."
Bazarov E. V. | Kirsanov P. P. |
|
| Appearance | Tall young man with long hair. The clothes are poor and untidy. Doesn't pay attention to his own appearance. | A handsome middle-aged man. Aristocratic, “thoroughbred” appearance. He takes good care of himself, dresses fashionably and expensively. |
| Origin | The father is a military doctor, from a poor, simple family. | Nobleman, son of a general. In his youth, he led a noisy metropolitan life and built a military career. |
| Education | Very educated person. A talented doctor and dedicated researcher. Friends predict a great future for Bazarov. | He studied in the page corps. Little read. I owe my success in service more to my personal charm and family connections. |
| Important Personality Traits | Pragmatist and cynic. The main measure of a person’s value is his usefulness to society. | Knightly nature. It values a person's personality and self-esteem. |
| Lifestyle | He eats a lot and loves wine in large quantities. Starts the day early, active and active. | Restrained in eating habits, drinks little, loves a comfortable life. |
| Attitude towards love | Cynical: sees meaning in love only from a physiological point of view. It turns out that he is not ready for a serious feeling. | Romantic. After the death of his beloved woman, he left a brilliant career. Devastated in spirit. |
| Attitude to the people | Mixed: sympathizes with the plight of the poor and despises their ignorance. Communicates with peasants on equal terms. | He publicly admires folk culture and the patriarchal way of life, but squeamishly avoids direct communication with the peasants. |
| Attitude to family | Despises patriarchal values. Loves his parents, but pushes them away. Criticizes Arkady's relatives in his presence. | He puts family values above all else. He loves his brother and nephew, protects their peace and well-being. |
| The characters' relationship to each other | He sees in the elder Kirsanov the embodiment of the worst traits of the aristocracy: inactivity and idle talk. | He considers Bazarov a threat to the established order. Fears the spirit of destruction that the new generation brings. |
| Speech features | Rough, simple speech. Actively uses folklore elements. | Speaks competently, uses French and English phrases. |
| Behavior in a duel | He jokes a lot and considers what is happening to be absurd. Does not aim at the opponent, wounds him by accident. | He takes the fight seriously. He fails, but is satisfied with the result of the duel. |
| Character in the finale | Dies. His grave symbolizes the only possibility of reconciliation between different generations. | Leaves Russia. Abroad he leads a bright but empty life. By the author's definition, a living dead. |
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The problem of relationships between fathers and children in literature is not a new topic. However, Turgenev was the first to create the image of a leading man of his time. The writer has an ambivalent attitude towards the main character of the work “Fathers and Sons”.
Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are representatives of different generations. Let's try to compare and analyze in what aspects these two characters differ.
Writer about the work
Turgenev says about his novel that it is directed against the aristocracy, which was considered the advanced class in Russia.
Bazarov and Kirsanov are two characters whose contrasting views formed the basis of the plot of the work. The specifics of the worldview and position in society of these heroes can be presented in the form of a table. This form allows you to see the main aspects of their contradictions most clearly.
Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. Comparative characteristics. Table
| Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov | Evgeny Bazarov |
| Attitude to the aristocracy | |
| Aristocracy is the development of society | The uselessness of the aristocracy, the inability to lead Russia to the future |
| Attitude towards nihilism | |
| Considers nihilists harmful to society | Nihilism is a powerful driving force of development |
| Attitude towards the common people | |
| He is touched by the patriarchal nature of the peasant family, says that the people cannot live without faith | Considers the people ignorant, dark and superstitious, notes the revolutionary nature of the human spirit |
| Attitude to art, nature | |
| Loves nature, art, music | Defines nature as a workshop in which man is in charge. Art is considered useless |
| Origin | |
| Born into a noble family | Born into the family of a zemstvo doctor, commoner |
Attitude to the aristocracy
Kirsanov believes that the aristocracy is the key driving force. The ideal, in his opinion, is a constitutional monarchy, which can be achieved through liberal reforms.
Bazarov notes the aristocrats’ inability to act; they cannot bring any benefit, unable to lead Russia to the future.
This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich relate to the aristocracy. (the table presented above) reflects this and gives an idea of how different their understanding of what the driving force of social development is is.
Attitude towards nihilism
The next question on which the two heroes argue concerns nihilism and its role in the life of society.
Pavel Petrovich defines representatives of this worldview as impudent and cynics who do not respect or recognize anything. He is glad that there are few of them in society.
Nihilists note the need for revolutionary changes. Bazarov believes that the people are ignorant, but revolutionary in spirit. Evgeniy sees meaning only in what is useful; he does not consider it necessary to say big words.
This is how they look at Pavel Petrovich. The comparative characteristics (the table is in the article) reflects this moment, shows how different the attitude of the heroes to this ideological position is.
Attitude towards ordinary people
Pavel Petrovich is far from the people, but at the same time he is touched by patriarchy and religiosity. Bazarov considers the peasants dark, ignorant, and ignorant of their rights.
Kirsanov believes that the life of ordinary people according to the rules established by their great-grandfathers is correct. Bazarov despises the ignorance of the peasants.
Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table records this point) perceive the position of the common people in society differently.
By his origin, Evgeniy is closer to ordinary people. He is a commoner. Consequently, he understands the peasants more. Pavel Petrovich comes from a noble family, he is absolutely far from understanding the life of ordinary people. What Kirsanov considers faith, Bazarov calls superstition.
A compromise between these heroes is impossible, which is confirmed by the duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich.
Attitude to art, nature
The views of Bazarov and Kirsanov differ even in the perception of art. They treat nature differently. According to Bazarov, reading fiction is a waste of time, and he values nature solely as a resource. Kirsanov is the complete opposite of him. On the contrary, he loves the world around him, art, music.
Bazarov believes that it is necessary to rely in life only on personal experience and sensations. Based on this, he denies art, since it is only a generalized and figurative understanding of experience, distracting from the matter. He denies the world's cultural achievements.
Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich look at nature and art differently. The comparative characteristics (the table displays this) once again show the practicality of Eugene’s views.
Biography of heroes, attitude to life
Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are two opposite characters. The author makes this clear to us. Kirsanov hated Evgeny because he showed Pavel Petrovich the uselessness of his existence. Before meeting him, Kirsanov believed that he was noble and worthy of respect. When Evgeny appears, Pavel Petrovich comes to the realization of the emptiness and meaninglessness of his own life.
Kirsanov is undoubtedly a worthy representative of the nobility. He is the son of a general, an officer who wasted the best years of his life in an effort to win the woman he loved. The elder Kirsanov is, of course, honest, decent, and loves his family.
Turgenev notes that, having described the best representatives of the nobility in the novel, he wanted to emphasize the failure and futility of this class.
Bazarov's parents are very pious people. His father is a zemstvo doctor, his mother, as the author writes about her, should have been born two hundred years ago.
In his own way, Bazarov is a commoner who loves work. He is a man with a strong mind and character, who raised himself.
Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table clearly reflects this) are two completely different people in their views and origins.
In the novel "Fathers and Sons" the author contrasts two very bright characters. Pavel Petrovich's beliefs characterize him as a representative of the past. Bazarov's views are too advanced and progressive, extremely materialistic, which may be responsible for the death of this hero at the end of the work.
