What is a master plan? General plan of a settlement, basic concepts, structure of the master plan of a settlement - engineering and geodetic design. What is a master plan for a land plot?

Within its master plan Auroville wants to break new ground in settlement planning in a way that will help other cities, both in India and abroad, that are experiencing high urbanization trends. We speak of an "integrated" master plan, meaning here that both the city and the environment are fully planned as Auroville takes care of its "hinterland".

Undesirable urban growth trends

They can also disrupt the food security of the entire nation. That's why planners today talk about building connections between urban and rural areas.

Regarding rural areas

The approach of his Master Plan is to establish that the economic and human intellectual resources that typically gravitate to urban areas can be effectively used to spread development more evenly and create a just and economically sound society. Currently, this most often does not apply to the planning, development and functioning of cities.

Auroville's vision is to build a city that is land-efficient, by adopting development approaches with an optimal combination of densities and attractive urban forms and amenities, while the surrounding Green Belt will become a fertile area for applied research in the food production sectors. forestry, soil conservation, management water resources, waste management and other areas that contribute to sustainable development. The results of such innovative methods will be available for application in both rural and urban areas around the world to support their development.

The purpose of the planning was to identify a broad framework and structure within which all development in Auroville, whether physical or socio-economic, could fit. It also includes a structure of existing and planned land uses, indicating possible progress in the development of various parts of the city's development and providing a clear and transparent basis for its overall direction.

Stages of developing a master plan for Auroville

This plan is based on the Perspective Master Plan. At this stage, the main situations will be discussed in detail. This level will also require much more data, information and collaboration from the community.

Annual plan

Settlements, towns and cities in Egypt. Compared to other parts of the world, relatively little research has been devoted to settlements in Egypt before recent years. Many expeditions focus instead on monumental architecture and formal art—temples and tombs that are rich in high-quality art. Settlements don't have the same appeal. Flinders Petrie worked on settlements of all periods, but before the discovery of archaeological methods for solving the problems of excavating settlements.

General plan of the site

In recent decades, more modern methods have allowed for much more accurate registration of sites, and it now seems clearer that a constant look at Ancient Egypt as in "a civilization without cities" is inaccurate. The earliest settlements appear to have been generally quite irregular; planning is not visible and clusters of houses appear to have grown "organically" without any non-environmental controls. One of the important factors environment in the Nile Valley there is a predominant north wind, which makes the northern end of the site more desirable, leeward in any workshops or kitchens: already in the Southern city at Naqada the effect of this can be seen in the location of the palace establishments to the north.

In the First Dynasty and early Old Kingdom, many cities were surrounded by walls. Models of several city walls found provide the earliest evidence of intervention or planning at the settlement level. Several buildings remain discovered and excavated within these buildings, showing that there is no street grid for organizing an internal settlement. For the rest of the Old Kingdom there are no excavated urban sites to follow planning developments, the only exception being the "organic" settlement at Elephantine, perhaps atypical.

The master plan is

The Middle Kingdom appears to have been the starting point for the central planning of new towns, usually within rectilinear boundary walls, and on a strictly orthogonal plan - a street grid as regular as a Roman military camp or modern city New world.

Several settlements and cities of the New Kingdom have been excavated. The largest and most famous example is Amarna, the capital of Akhenaten. The plan for most of the city is relatively well preserved, giving a fair idea of ​​the royal Residence city of the period. At both sites very little remains today, but enough has been seen by earlier excavators to show that they are sites of royal palaces.

Another New Kingdom palatial site is at Malqata, on the West Bank at Thebes: this appears to have become a center for jubilee celebrations at the end of the king's reign. In fact, these cities gradually ceased to exist after the Romans left and became increasingly decayed. The only urban settlements can be compared to trading floors.

What does the master plan look like?

People lived more on their plot of land where they worked and took care of their food. The rich had their own castle and allowed the peasants to work their land for themselves. If you have questions about cities or see a city as it exists in people's ideas.

Urban construction near the castle

A clipping from a fictional medieval town from. Cities appeared where the population had an advantage. It was close to the bishopric, monasteries, estuaries, transport crossings, markets or near a castle. As an example, let's look at the town near the castle.

When a rich gentleman decided to build a castle, he needed many craftsmen. So that the artisans could work in the castle every day, they built cottages near the castle. They brought their families with them and they lived with her from many years of burial. While the man was at the construction site, the woman had to get food. Because of this food supply, traders, like bakers or butchers, moved into construction huts to provide food for the people. To produce their goods, they needed grain and cattle.

So they need farmers to give it to them. Where many people sit together, there is competition. For example, women wanted to have more beautiful clothes and decorations than their neighbors. Therefore, many other merchants moved to the city to meet this demand. A market was created where goods were offered, bought and developed to the city center.

Prosperous cities attracted enemies. Enviable rulers or bandits attacked cities to gain wealth. Therefore, the city had to appoint someone to handle such cases. A city council was appointed, which decided to build a city wall and erect civil security. Where there were many men with money, whores also settled. Where they sinned, they had to repent and needed clerics who needed the church.

Population growth as a reason for urban development

This was only a small part of the city's development. In fact, many people and institutions have to deal with the emergence of the city. And the city was not always built in the shadow of the castle. There were also cities that developed in episcopates, monasteries or estuaries, favorable conditions movement or market.

What was behind this urban development in general was the population growth that began in Germany and even throughout Europe from the High Middle Ages. The climate in Europe has become warmer and more comfortable, which has brought more fruit to Agriculture and in turn produced more children and increased the population. But what was the population growth due to the emergence of cities?

What is a master plan for a land plot?

On the one hand, in the countryside, which predominated in Germany, there were, of course, more people who were looking for work or new homes, away from the village. On the other hand, rich gentlemen also took in more taxes and therefore more money through more people.

With this new income, they were able to afford a castle or needed things that were not available in their region. Thus, long-distance distributors were called in to publish special items from afar. These distributors settled in convenient locations. Once again, a series of connections begins that allow a small place to grow into a city.

The emergence of distance trading and banks

Distributors spent a lot of money through their treasures. They could afford to work for themselves and demand other things. They were again concerned about other merchants. And since the places where traffic was frequent were frequented by several traders, they soon grew to a significant size.

Proximity to water was always important for a medieval city. Water not only means drinking and cleaning, but also makes it easier to transport commercial goods. Where river, sea and sea allowed it, ports came through which trade grew even further.